Diamond Cutting Tool & Tungsten Carbide Cutting Tool( PCD/CVD CBN/PCBN MONO TCT )

聚晶钻石Polycrystalline Diamond是由人工使用高温及高压的方式制作出来的，广泛地应用到各产业的加工，聚晶钻石硬度HV6,500~ HV 8,000，为硬质合金的 80~120倍，而导热系数高(700W/mK)、热胀系数低(0.9×10)、磨量弹性高且摩擦系数较低(0.1～0.3)，聚晶钻石大致可分为PCD及CVD。
PCD钻石，是以钴为促进剂，将细粒的钻石黏结于碳化钨之上或包裹在内，置入高压装置并加热，经过烧结而形成复合体，呈无序排列、无方向性、硬度均匀。
聚晶钻石具有以下优点：
1.在冲击较大时只会产生小晶粒破碎
2.可满足大型加工刀具的需要，如：铣刀。
3.可制成特定形状以适合于不同加工的需要。
4.可设计或预测产品的性能，赋予产品必要的特点以适应它的特定用途。
聚晶钻石通常用来进行精密切削加工和普通半精密加工，还可用作较大切削量的粗加工和断续加工(如：铣削等)，著实地扩充了钻石刀具材料的使用范围。
聚晶钻石可加工材料：有色金属和极耐磨的高性能非金属材料，如铝合金、铜及其合金、碳/石墨、塑胶/复合材料等。 
Polycrystalline Diamond is manually produced in the way of high pressure and high temperature. It is broadly applied in all kinds of industrial processing. Its hardness is HV6, 500~HV8, 000. It is 80~120 times as hard as hard alloy. The specialties of Polycrystalline Diamond are high heat conduction (700W/mK), low Coefficient of thermal expansion (0.9×10), high abrasion resistance, and quite low friction coefficient.
Polycrystalline Diamond can be classified into two types---PCD and CVD. PCD is formed by high pressure and high temperature. By using cobalt as accelerant, grains will cohere to Tungsten Carbide or be wrapped by Tungsten Carbide, then, it is put in high pressure device and heated; after being sintered, it becomes a composite. PCD shows no sequence, no aspect, and even hardness.
Polycrystalline Diamond has the following advantages:
1. Under big impact, Polycrystalline Diamond only produces some little crystalline grains.
2. Polycrystalline Diamond can be used in bigger cutting tools, such as milling cutters.
3. Polycrystalline Diamond can be produced into specially designated shapes for different processing demands.
4. Specific functions can rendered to cutting tools by Polycrystalline Diamond to fit their specific applications.
Polycrystalline Diamond is usually used to do precision cutting and half-precision cutting, rough cutting,and non-successive cutting (such as milling). Polycrystalline Diamond has extended the application scope of diamond cutting tools.
The applications of Polycrystalline Diamonds are Non-Ferrous Metal, Non-Metal Material, ex.: aluminum alloy, copper and its alloy, carbon/graphite, plastic, plastic/complex materials, and etc. 
          
单晶钻石Single Crystal Diamond为拥有独立晶体的个体，因此拥有不同的方向性，而方向性的不同，其硬度及耐磨度亦随之不同，整体来说，单晶钻石拥有高耐磨耗性、高抗破碎性及高化学纯度，此外，单晶钻石拥有极佳的导热性及热稳定性，在无氧保护气体中，可承受超过摄氏1,000度。单晶钻石可使用于超精密钻石切削，使其达到镜面的效果，并能够产生一致性的表现。
单晶钻石可分为天然钻石(Natural Diamond)及人造单晶钻石(Mono Crystal Diamond)。天然钻石拥有较高的耐磨性，其硬度居其他刀具素材之冠，其硬度为HV 8,000~ HV 12,000，可藉以加工出奈米级的精度及表面粗糙度；而人造单晶钻石是以高压的方式制造，硬度仅次于天然钻石，加工精度及表面粗糙度随著刀具制作的方式，可达到与天然钻石的效果。
因钻石与铁金属有亲和力，以致于钻石无法加工铁金属，主要的加工材料：有色金属(铝合金、铜合金、金、银、无电解镍及塑料)、红外线光学脆性材料(锗、硅等)、贵重金属、高溶点金属等非铁金属或非金属材料。 
Single Crystal Diamond has an independent crystal, so it has different directivities. As a result, its hardness and abrasion are different. Generally, Single Crystal Diamond has high abrasion resistance, broken resistance, and chemical purity. In addition, Single Crystal Diamond has specialties of heat stability and heat conduction, as a result, in oxygen-free protective gas, they can stay constant even over 1,000°C. Single Crystal Diamond can be used for ultra-precision diamond cutting, so as to achieve mirror effect and get consistency performance.
Single Crystal Diamond is generally classified into two types--- Natural Diamond and Mono-Crystal Diamond. Natural Diamond has higher abrasion resistance and its hardness is the highest among various cutting tool materials. Its hardness is HV8, 000~HV12, 000,which helps to process nano-scale precision and surface roughness. Mono-Crystal Diamond is formed by high pressure. Its hardness is a little lower than that of Natural Diamond.In different ways of tools processing, its processing precision and surface roughness can be similar to the effect of Natural Diamond.
Natural Diamond and Mono-Crystal Diamond can not be used to process ferrous metal because they have affinity for ferrous metal. The applications of Natural Diamond and Mono-Crystal Diamond are non-ferrous materials (aluminum alloys, copper alloys, Gold, Silver,non-electrolytic nickel and plastic), infrared opticsbrittleness materials (germanium, silicon, and etc.), precious metal, high melting point metal and non-metallic materials.

立方氮化硼Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride是立方氮化硼颗粒和一定比例的粘结剂，在高温高压下烧结而成，具有良好的韧性、高耐磨性和对铁族金属的化学稳定性，常使用于高速、超高速切削及乾式切削。
聚晶立方氮化硼的性能特点：
1.具有较高的硬度(次于钻石)、耐磨性和抗冲击性：
  CBN微粉的显微硬度为HV8,000~HV9,000，其烧结体PCBN的硬度为HV3,000~HV5,000。
2.具有高的热稳定性：
  1,200℃~1,500℃的温度下仍表现出良好的热稳定性
3.化学稳定性好(优于钻石)：
  与铁族金属在1,200℃-1,300℃下与Fe、Ni、Co等不起化学反应，在酸中不受侵蚀，在硷中约300℃时才会被侵蚀。
4.导热性良好：
  导热系数略低于钻石，但为硬质合金的20倍，且随著切削温度的提高，聚晶立方氮化硼的导热系数增大。
立方氮化硼适合加工各种难加工材料：各种硬度在HRC45~70以上的淬硬钢(碳工钢、合金钢、轴承钢、模具钢和高速钢等高硬度淬硬钢零件) 、耐磨铸铁钢类、各种喷涂(焊)材料、HRC35以上的高温合金、冷激铸铁，还可用于钛合金、纯镍、纯钨以及其他材料的加工，但不适合加工较软的黑色金属材料。 
Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride consists of CBN grain and specific ratio of adhesive. PCBN is sintered in high temperatures and high pressure.
The specialties of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride:
1.High hardness (inferior to diamond), abrasion resistance, crash resistance.
 The micro-hardness of CBN grains is HV8, 000~HV9, 000; the hardness of PCBN is HV3, 000~HV5, 000.
2.High heat stability.
 Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride still shows the good heat stability in 1, 200°C~1, 500°C.
3.Good chemical stability (better than diamond)
 Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride will not have chemical reaction with Fe, Ni, and Co at 1, 200°C~1, 300°C, it is not eroded in acid solution and would be eroded in alkali solution at about 300℃.
4.Good heat conduction
 The heat conduction of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride is lower than that of diamond. Its heat conduction is 20 times as hard alloy. In addition, the heat conduction of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride becomes higher with the increase of temperature.
Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride does not react chemically with iron in ferrous material work pieces. The applications of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride are Ferrous Materials, Metal Alloys, Hardened steels (HRC 59~HRC62), Hard facing alloys (>HRC 35), Grey Cast Irons (200~280 HBN), Hot/cold worked tool steels (45 - 65 HRC), High speed steel (45 - 65 HRC), Alloyed steels, Titanium alloys, and etc. but not suitable for processing soft ferrous metal. 

钨钢是碳化钨Tungsten Carbide的俗称，由钨粉末、碳黑粉末、以及其他合金粉末，如钛、钼、钽等，并以钴金属粉末为结合剂，混合后，在高压下加温烧结而成，钨钢的硬度很高，其硬度为HV 1,100~ HV 2,200，有最硬高碳钢的三倍，常用于重车削、钢料细车、修边、高速切削或断续切削。
加工对象：黑色金属、有色金属与非金属材料。 
Tungsten Carbide consists of tungsten powder, carbide powder, and other alloy powder. Ex: titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, etc. After being mixed cobalt powder for accelerant and increase its temperature, Tungsten Carbide is formed in high pressures. The hardness of Tungsten Carbide is HV1, 100~HV2, 200.
The applications of Tungsten Carbide are ferrous metals, non-ferrous materials, and Non-metal materials. Tungsten Carbide is usually used to do heavy turning, refined turning, high speed cutting, and disconnected cutting.